Title : Cardiology Conference
Abstract:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) is caused by an enveloped, single-stranded RNA betacoronavirus belonging to the corona viridae 2B lineage. Several epidemics of SARS-CoV-2 due to different variants have caused severe morbidities and deaths in several countries worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 has propensity to infect alveolar type 2 cells leading to severe lung damage, and acute respiratory distress syndrome due to the cytokine storm. During the hyperinflation propagated by the secretions of cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8. IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, GM-CSF, and interferon-γ, there is systemic inflammation which results in multiorgan dysfunction and multiorgan failure (MOF). There is also overexpression of the Janus kinases pathways which together with the cytokines orchestrate multiorgan injury. The cardiomyocytes are cytotropic to SARS-CoV-2 which cause myocardial injury and myocarditis. COVID-19 causes acute COVID-19 syndrome myocarditis, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome, which is associated with MOF. COVID-19 myocarditis can lead to arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, cardiac failure, and death. Treatment of COVID-19 associated myocarditis includes remdesivir, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, high-flow nasal oxygen, and mechanical ventilation. However, despite this standard of care, many patients die from COVID-19 myocarditis. The targeted strategy to treat SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis is to inhibit the signaling pathways of the cytokines secreted during the cytokine storm, such as IL-2 and IL-6, and the JAK signaling pathways. Tocilizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits the binding of IL-6 to both membrane-bound, and soluble receptors, thus inhibiting its biological effects. Tocilizumab co-administered with dexamethasone has been shown to reduce the length of hospitalization from severe SARS-CoV-2, and reduce the need for mechanical ventilation. Tocilizumab has been granted an emergency use authorization by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of severe SARS-CoV-2. Baricitinib is a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor with both anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities. It has been shown to reduce the 28-day mortality, accelerate improvement in clinical status, and is associated with improved mortality in hospitalized patients with severe SARS-CoV-2. Baricitinib also has been demonstrated to improve the peripheral oxygen saturation. It was issued an emergency use in combination with remdesivir by the FDA in November 2020. Interleukin-6 and JAK inhibitors in combination with remdesivir, and dexamethasone are beneficial and safe in the treatment of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 requiring mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Audience Take Away
The audience will learn about the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.
They will understand the pathophysiology of multiorgan damage due to COVID-19, including myocardial injury resulting in myocarditis
They will be updated the standard of care of SARS-CoV-2.
The audience will be introduced the latest advances in the treatment of COVID-19, such as IL-6, and JAK inhibitors.
- · Explain how the audience will be able to use what they learn
The audience will be appraised with novel therapeutic strategies in the management of SARS-CoV-2. - · How will this help the audience in their job?
The oral presentation will update and help the audience in the medical management of patients with COVID-19 - · Is this research that other faculty could use to expand their research or teaching?
This research is very helpful to other clinical scientists investigating the management of COVID-19.
- · Does this provide a practical solution to a problem that could simplify or make a designer’s job more efficient?
Yes. this abstract provides a clinical and practical solution in the treatment of COVID-19, which has resulted in the death of millions of people and paralyzed the socio-economies of several countries
- · Will it improve the accuracy of a design, or provide new information to assist in a design problem?
This presentation will provide the latest information on the management of SARS-CoV-2.
- · List all other benefits.
The presentation will encourage other cardiologist and pulmonology to explore for other biologics for the treatment of COVID-19.
It will encourage clinicians to develop standardized guideline in the management of severe SARS-CoV-2.
