Title : Coronary artery disease risk evaluation among youngsters of different communities of north india
Abstract:
In India, the incidence of coronary artery disease and related risk factors has risen dramatically. Coronary artery disease is a major public health concern worldwide. Anthropometric indices such as BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR are low-cost and simple to measure and track. In many populations, these indices have been demonstrated to be predictive of disorders such as coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. A total of 400 young boys aged 18 to 25 years old from Punjab and Haryana participated in the study. With 100 subjects in each group, the subjects were separated into four endogamous groups: Punjabi Baniyaas and Jatts Sikhs, Haryana Baniyaas and Jaats. Individual patients had their anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and lifestyle-related coronary heart disease risk factors recorded. According to the most recent guidelines, subjects were divided into three groups based on indices, blood pressure, and lifestyle-related CAD risk factors.
Deranged anthropometric indices such as WC, BMI, WHR, and WHtR were more common in participants from Punjab and Haryana's Baniyas population. Punjabi Jatts Sikhs had a much higher WHtR than Haryanvi Jaats Sikhs (p value 0.048).
Low physical activity, low and medium lcvcl of stress, low sun exposure, and alcohol intake were all greater in the Punjab groups, while smoking was significantly higher in the Haryanvi in the study group, and these characteristics were also more prevalent in the Punjab and Haryana Baniyas communities. Alcohol consumption was greater among Punjabi Jatts Sikh and Haryanvi Jaats, although Punjabi Jatts Sikh consumption was much higher. Smoking was more prevalent in Haryana's Jaats community than in Punjab's Baniyas and Jatts Sikh populations.
Punjabi groups, as well as the Baniyas community of Punjab and Haryana, had higher junk food intake, salt intake, sugar intake, and fat intake. Aside from that, fibre, fruits and vegetables, and whole grains were consumed less frequently.
Positive genetic history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and obesity was found to be more common in the Punjab and Haryana Baniyas communities. In Punjab's Jatts Sikh community, maternal family history of obesity was more common.
Pre-hypertension was shown to be more common in Punjabi communities and the Paniyas population of Punjab and Haryana. There was no variation in Ankle-Brachial Index between the Punjab and Haryana study populations, hence it could not be linked to any other risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Conclusion
Deranged anthropometric indices were greater in the Baniya community, according to the findings.
• The Baniya community had a higher rate of low physical activity (59 percent).
• In the Baniya community, low and medium levels of stress were much greater.
• Punjabi Jatts Sikhs had the highest alcohol use at 68 percent.
• Haryanvi Jaats smoked the most (25%), whereas Punjabi Jatts Sikhs smoked the least (4%).
• In the Baniya community, low sun exposure (7%) was more common.
• The Baniya community had a considerably higher rate of faulty diet and junk food consumption (87.5%).
• Prehypertension was found to be 33% greater in the Baniya community. • 74.25 percent of the study participants had a family history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, or obesity, with 86.5 percent having a higher prevalence in the Baniya population.
Benefits
This study helps in identifying Coronary artery disease risk among different communities in youngsters and will help in planning preventive health strategies for this region which carries highest burden of coronary artery disease in young population
It will also help audience and younsters to identify what risk factors to look for and how to control them during primordial and primary prevention as well as Rehabilitation.
